Besides shoring, what are two other methods for protection against cave-ins?

The correct answer highlights two critical methods for protecting against cave-ins: sloping and benching.

Sloping involves cutting back the sides of an excavation to form a stable slope, which reduces the likelihood that the walls will collapse. This method is effective because it distributes the weight of the surrounding soil over a wider area, thereby lowering the stress on the excavation walls.

Benching, on the other hand, is a technique that involves creating a series of steps or levels in the sides of the excavation. This method also provides stability by reducing the height of the unsupported wall, meaning that there is less risk of soil falling from a considerable height, which can be especially dangerous.

Together, sloping and benching create a safer environment for workers in or near excavations, addressing the potential for cave-ins effectively. Both methods require proper planning and execution to ensure compliance with safety regulations and to meet the standards for excavation safety in various types of soil conditions.