How is electric current defined?

Electric current is defined as the definite drift of electrons from a point of negative potential to a point of positive potential. This behavior of electrons is fundamental to the flow of electricity in circuits. When a voltage is applied across a conductor, an electric field is created that causes electrons to move systematically through the material. This movement establishes a continuous flow of charge, which we measure as electric current.

The definition emphasizes the directional and purposeful movement of electrons, highlighting the role of potential difference (voltage) in driving this current. Current is typically measured in amperes and is a key concept in understanding how electrical systems operate. This focus on the organized movement contrasts with the randomness of electron movement or the oscillations of energy at atomic levels, as those scenarios do not produce a consistent flow of current suitable for practical applications.