What are the two main reasons for line loss in electrical systems?

The two main reasons for line loss in electrical systems are rooted in the fundamental properties of conductors and their operational conditions. The correct answer highlights the resistance of the conductor and the system loading as the primary factors.

Resistance in conductors leads to energy loss in the form of heat as electrical current flows through them. This is a result of the inherent electrical resistance material, which causes some energy to be dissipated rather than delivered to the load. The higher the resistance, the greater the energy loss, which is also influenced by the length and cross-sectional area of the conductor.

System loading refers to the amount of electrical current that the system is carrying at any given moment. Higher loading increases the current flow, which in turn increases heat loss due to resistance according to Joule's law (power loss is proportional to the square of the current). Thus, when the load on the system increases, line loss becomes more pronounced.

The other options, while they may touch on relevant concepts, do not accurately encompass the primary causes of line loss as comprehensively as the chosen answer does. Insulation degradation and equipment maintenance can certainly affect the overall efficiency and reliability of a system, but the direct and quantifiable contributors to line loss remain the resistance of conductors and the