What is the result of applying the wrong polarity to transformers?

Applying the wrong polarity to transformers can lead to potential equipment damage due to the way transformers are designed to operate. Transformers rely on the correct polarity of the primary and secondary windings to ensure that the magnetic fields interact properly. When incorrect polarity is applied, it can create opposing magnetic fields, leading to issues such as short circuits or overheating in the windings.

This misalignment can also cause the protective devices to fail, which may not trip during faults, leading to further complications and damage to the transformer and connected equipment. In some cases, reversing polarity can result in transformers being out of phase, which might lead to increased current in the system and potentially trip circuit breakers or fuse links, further contributing to the risk of damage.

The other choices do not fully encompass the severity of the consequences of incorrect polarity. While reduced efficiency and increased energy loss may occur as a secondary effect, the primary and most concerning risk is indeed potential equipment damage.