What term describes when an AC circuit induces an electromotive force (EMF) in a nearby circuit?

The term that describes when an AC circuit induces an electromotive force (EMF) in a nearby circuit is mutual induction. This phenomenon occurs due to the magnetic field created by the alternating current in the first circuit, which influences the second circuit and induces a voltage across it.

Mutual induction is a fundamental principle in transformers and inductors, where the energy transferred between coils through a magnetic field is essential for their operation. The degree of mutual induction is affected by the proximity of the circuits, the number of loops in the coils, and the nature of the core material used.

Self-induction refers to the phenomenon where a changing current in a circuit induces an EMF in the same circuit. Electromagnetic interference relates to unwanted signals affecting electrical circuits, which is a different concept than inducing EMF between circuits. Resonance describes the condition where a circuit naturally oscillates at a specific frequency, enhancing the voltage or current at that frequency, but it does not specifically refer to the induction of EMF between separate circuits.