Which of the following is an example of a temporary fault?

A temporary fault is a condition in an electrical system that is not permanent and can be cleared, allowing the system to return to normal operation after the fault condition is removed. In this case, a tree branch coming into contact with power lines is an example of such a fault. It can cause a short circuit or an interruption in service, but once the branch is removed or the wind blows it away, the fault is cleared, and the electrical system can continue to function normally.

Temporary faults are typically momentary and can be caused by environmental factors such as vegetation, weather events, or wildlife interactions. They differ from permanent faults, which lead to lasting damage that requires repairs, such as transformer failures or a wire breakage, which would necessitate more extensive interventions to restore service. Overcurrent can cause protective devices to trip, but it does not fit the definition of a temporary fault since it usually arises from an underlying issue that still needs resolution, rather than being classified as temporary due to an environmental interaction like a tree branch.